Quiz Mark 8. Biology & Microbiology - General Biology

Free

When studying thermodynamics, one must first define the system. What is included in the system?

Free

An avid gardener composts her wastes near the back of her property, away from her house. She moved the compost heap out there because it sometimes heats up enough to smoke. When asked why it heats up so much, she answers, simply, “Because the second law of thermodynamics says so!” How does the second law of thermodynamics explain her compost smoking?

in Biology & Microbiology

a. Gardeners will often set their compost heaps on fire first to accelerate the rate of decomposition. According to second law of thermodynamics, ash and carbon form and smoke is given off.
b. The second law of thermodynamics says that energy in a system is always increasing. This increase in energy includes the energy in compost heaps. As the energy increases, heat is produced.
c. The breakdown of compost involves a transformation of energy from chemical bonds in the decomposing organic matter. The second law of thermodynamics says that there is no 100% energy transfer, so some of the energy is lost to the surroundings as heat.
d. The gardener is incorrect and her garden compost heap has nothing to do with the second law of thermodynamics.

3

Free

In a microbiology lab, which of the following has the most entropy?

4

Free

After all of the reactants in a solution have been consumed, what is the state of the solution?

5

Free

When the gasoline molecule shown in this figure is broken down and used, what form does the energy take?

6

Which of these statements is true of the energy in an open system containing living organisms?

7

A video gaining popularity on social media purports to show a self-contained, self-sustaining biosphere, conveniently available for purchase. The device shown in the video consists of an airtight, mirrored bottle, containing some water, a houseplant you don’t recognize, a waterproof light bulb, and an electrical generator powered by a weight and pulley assembly. The video explains, via a colorful animation, that the plant, when exposed to light, lifts the weight; when the light shuts off, the plant releases the weight, which powers the light bulb, reviving the plant, starting the cycle over again. The narrator claims that this process is so efficient; the bottle actually feels warm to the touch despite receiving no additional energy. You know this is clearly impossible, but what facts

8

Two groups of your colleagues are arguing over the amount of energy required for a beaker full of Substance X to complete an endergonic reaction. The first group insists that only the activation energy for a single reaction is necessary, which will release at least enough energy to start a second and third reaction, until all the reactants are consumed. The second group strongly disagrees, insisting that the energy required is equal to the activation energy of a single set of reactants, multiplied by the number of reactant sets in that volume of Substance X. Which group is correct?

9

A soft drink manufacturer, notorious for making marketing claims that are deceptive but technically accurate, has released a new sports beverage. The advertisements for this beverage assert that it contains three grams of chlorophyll per bottle, which will give the user extra energy during exercise performed in direct sunlight. Naturally, you buy a bottle to test its ingredients, and you are able to verify that it does, in fact, contain three grams of plant-sourced chlorophyll. Have you finally caught the company in a lie?

10

A soft drink manufacturer, notorious for making marketing claims that are deceptive but technically accurate, has released a new sports beverage. The advertisements for this beverage assert that it contains anabolic molecules that provide energy and is 100% legal to produce and consume. You buy a bottle of this beverage for testing and discover that it contains little more than water, disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose, citric acid, and other fairly common fruit flavoring agents. Have you finally caught the company in a lie?

11

It is commonly said that plants, especially trees, produce oxygen, but this is an oversimplification of metabolism in plants. Which of these statements is more accurate?

12

This diagram shows a simplified representation of bioenergetics, with arrows representing transfers of energy between various ecological components. Where do humans fall in this diagram?

13

Synthesizing a single glucose molecule requires the amount of energy stored in 54 ATP molecules, but when that glucose molecule is broken down, only enough energy to produce 36 to 38 ATP molecules is released. What happened to the remaining energy?

14

Which method of transport is illustrated here?

15

Which protein performs a function similar to that of clathrin but in potocytosis instead of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

16

What role does clathrin play in receptor-mediated endocytosis?

17

Hypertonic sucrose can be used to block receptor-mediated endocytosis as it traps clathrin in microcages of sugar. What sides effects would one expect patients to experience from this sort of therapy?

18

Pathogenicity, in viruses, often starts by binding the virus with receptors on the surface of the host cell with high specificity. Once bound, the cell engulfs the viral particles in a vesicle and imports them into the cell. What type of transport is this?

19

In secondary active transport, the movement of materials is driven by energy though no ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is expended. What is the source of energy that is driving secondary active transport?

20

In the illustration below, would the sodium-potassium pump be categorized as a uniporter, symporter, or antiporter?

21

In the transport model shown below, what is the exchange rate of Na+ for K+?

22

Ions can be moved against the concentration gradient to create a difference in charge across that membrane. Later, the electrochemical gradient can be exploited by the cell to drive other processes. Respectively, what are these two mechanisms called?

23

A patient comes to the emergency room suffering from severe dehydration. You are shocked to hear an orderly suggest, “We should just give him an IV of water to speed up his rehydration!” You quickly intervene, knowing this could cause grave harm. Why?

24

What effect will dissolving salt in a solution have?

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Quiz Mark 8. Biology & Microbiology - General Biology

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