Three factors are required to specify sample size:(1) Variance, or heterogeneity, of the population: this refers to the standard deviation of the population. Only a small sample is required if the population is homogeneous. As heterogeneity increases, so must sample size.(2) Magnitude of acceptable error, or the confidence interval: indicates how precise the estimate must be.(3) Confidence level: typically use the 95 percent confidence level. This, however, is an arbitrary decision based on convention; there is nothing sacred about the 0.05 chance level.